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254. sebastián perelli ◊

Sebastián Perelli, Recoleta Cemetery

Artist José F.M. Garzia—who designed the Cisnetto Olivera vault in the previous post—also went a bit on the wild side with the tomb of Sebastián Perelli. Completely eclectic, Neoclassical elements mix with Art Nouveau in a big way:

Sebastián Perelli, Recoleta Cemetery

Garzia’s signature can be found by the lower left corner of the door:

Sebastián Perelli, Recoleta Cemetery

The interior is equally interesting & just as extreme as the exterior:

Sebastián Perelli, Recoleta Cemetery

Sebastián Perelli, Recoleta Cemetery

Update (02 Oct 2011): After a recent trip to San Miguel de Tucumán, I discovered that the bronze urns & light fixtures surrounding the Casa de Gobierno were also designed by José F.M. Garzia:

Argentina, San Miguel de Tucumán, Casa de Gobierno, José F.M. Garzia

Like Art Nouveau? Learn about the architects of the era, their individual styles & what makes Art Nouveau in Buenos Aires so unique with a 33-page guide from our sister site, Endless Mile.

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253. cisnetto olivera ◊

Ginormous. No other word can describe the guardian angel watching over the entrance of the Cisnetto Olivera tomb. Easily standing three meters tall, the statue’s height is even more imposing viewed from the narrow walkways of the cemetery:

Cisnetto Olivera, Recoleta Cemetery

José F.M. Garzia’s signature is equally large, but L. Fontana & Scarabelli are listed as the sculptors on the right-hand side of the mausoleum:

Cisnetto Olivera, Recoleta Cemetery

Cherubs floating in the heavens decorate the door:

Cisnetto Olivera, Recoleta Cemetery

Cisnetto Olivera, Recoleta Cemetery

Carlos Cisnetto Olivera graduated from the University of Buenos Aires as one of the first civil engineers.

Update (02 Oct 2011): After a recent trip to San Miguel de Tucumán, I discovered that the bronze urns & light fixtures surrounding the Casa de Gobierno were made by José F.M. Garzia as well:

Argentina, San Miguel de Tucumán, Casa de Gobierno, José F.M. Garzia

Update (27 Aug 2022): According to comments left in 2013, Garzia was only the smelter. While we’ve not been able to confirm, the Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Históricas de Rafaela —a small town in the province of Santa Fe— recently published the following photos they claim to be of a mausoleum in Recoleta for Guillermo Lehmann in 1912:

Argentina, mausoleo, sculpture, Guillermo Lehmann

They also state that the sculpture was designed by Luis Fontana & Juan Scarabelli from the city of Rosario… but will not name the source. As Marcelo said, “It’s not like this is a matter of national security.” 😉 Lehmann founded Rafaela in 1881 & was found dead from a gunshot wound to the head in a hotel in Buenos Aires in 1886… apparently suicide. His widow wanted Lehmann to be buried in Recoleta Cemetery, so she purchased a plot & had this mausoleum built. Later his remains would be transferred to a family tomb in the city of Esperanza & then to two locations in Rafaela.

A couple of things still don’t fit. Cisnetto Olivera died in 1918, so was Lehmann only in Recoleta for six years before moving? Seems a little ridiculous considering what this mausoleum must have cost. Also, if you compare the black & white photo to the current statue, they aren’t the same. Almost but not quite. For example, the drape of the dress around the tip of the sword is different. So are the final feathers on the top wing. The face doesn’t look the same either. Who made the final changes? When did Lehmann leave? Marcelo is working on it…

Update (08 Mar 2025): The plot thickens… As cemetery researcher Graciela Blanco stated recently in a Facebook group: “Efectivamente el ingeniero civil (uno de los llamados doce apóstoles) fue Carlos Olivera Piriz y no Cisnetto Olivera. Por otra parte, las referencias a este apellido compuesto son escasas e imprecisas.” And we agree that it’s still possible the engineer is buried here, but how does the Cisnetto family name enter into the story?

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251. emma nicolay de caprile ◊

Emma Nicolay de Caprile, Recoleta Cemetery

One of the most under-investigated periods of Argentine history—fundamental to its growth as a nation—may receive more attention thanks to a book recently published by Julio Crespo. “Las Maestras de Sarmiento” recounts the story of US teachers who were given grants to come to Argentina & found schools, give women the opportunity to be educated & train others to follow in their footsteps.

Prior to Domingo Sarmiento’s election as President, Mitre nominated him to represent Argentina in the US in 1865… just after the assassination of Lincoln. Sarmiento’s contact with the intellectual elite, most notably Horace Mann, inspired him to replicate American system of free, public education in Argentina. When he became President in 1868, Sarmiento encouraged US teachers to help him make his dream a reality.

Although he wanted 1,000, only 65 teachers arrived (61 of which were women). Among them was one of Polish descent, Emma Nicolay de Caprile. Arriving in 1870, de Caprile became the first director of the Escuela Normal de Maestras de la Provincia de Buenos Aires located in Barracas on the Cambacérès estate. By 1880, the school had a new location in Recoleta on Avenida Córdoba & Riobamba, just opposite the Palacio de Aguas Corrientes:

Escuela Normal de Maestras, Recoleta

When de Caprile passed away in 1884, even Sarmiento attended her funeral & this crypt was declared a National Historic Monument in 1982. She helped introduce modern education methods & trained a generation of respected teachers. The sculpture by Lucio Correa Morales is particularly evocative:

Emma Nicolay de Caprile, Recoleta Cemetery

Emma Nicolay de Caprile, Recoleta Cemetery

For more info about how US teachers shaped Argentina’s future, a synopsis of Crespo’s work can be found in the newspaper Página/12 (in Spanish).

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250. forgotten palanti?

Alejandro Machado should be thanked for continuing his quest to find forgotten & uncatalogged masterpieces by famous Buenos Aires architects. Earlier this year, he needed help finding the location of a particular vault in Recoleta Cemetery… supposedly designed by Mario Palanti, architect of the Palacio Barolo on Avenida de Mayo:

Palacio Barolo, Mario Palanti

Graduating in 1909 from the same Milanese architecture school as Virginio Colombo, early recognition of Palanti’s talent brought him to Argentina the following year. A former professor included him in the team to construct the Italian pavilion for Argentina’s centennial celebrations. A hit with the public, young Palanti opened his own studio & began designing for the porteño elite. He lived in Buenos Aires until 1929 with the exception of World War I when he volunteered to serve his native country.

According to Machado’s source material, Palanti designed the tomb of Sebastián Vasena. Big, oversized, & located on a narrow walkway, it’s easy to miss & even more difficult to photograph. A ring of cherub heads with wings decorate the dome, & two eternal flame sculptures flank a large angel on the door. Even more stunning is the interior stained glass… only visible if the light is just right:

Sebastián Vasena, Recoleta Cemetery

Sebastián Vasena, Recoleta Cemetery

Sebastián Vasena, Recoleta Cemetery

Although unsigned, Machado is still trying to confirm if the Vasena vault was in fact a Palanti creation. The same source also credits Palanti for designing the Spinetto family tomb. Could the most spectacular door in the cemetery also be the work of Palanti??

David Spinetto, Recoleta Cemetery

Update (24 Aug 2024): As it turns out, Palanti did not design the Spinetto family vault but instead oversaw its construction for Italian architect Gaetano Moretti… who could not come to Argentina at that time. More info here.

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